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The Returns to Federal Investments in the Innovation System

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Innovation Policy Forum

The Returns to Federal Investments
in the Innovation System


Thursday, December 15, 2016
9:00 AM - 5:15 PM
The Lecture Room
National Academy of Sciences Building
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W.

Washington, DC

AGENDA

9:00 AM           Welcome
                               David Hart, George Mason University, Innovation Policy Forum co-chair
 
9:10 AM           Introduction:
                               Benjamin Jones, Northwestern University, planning committee chair
 
9:30 AM           Panel I:  What are the returns to federal funding of basic research?
                              The social returns to R&D are typically estimated to be very high, and yet there 
                              are difficult conceptual and empirical challenges in making accurate estimates,
                              especially with regard to basic research.  This panel will discuss (1) the
                              theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence that bear on assessing the
                              returns to federally-funded basic research; (2) data limitations; and (3)
                              potentially fruitful directions for further research.
 
                               Pierre Azoulay, MIT
                               Benjamin Jones, Northwestern University
                               Samuel Kortum, Yale University
                               Robert Topel, University of Chicago
 
11:00 AM        Coffee Break
 
11:15 AM        Panel II: What are the social returns to direct private-sector innovation support?
                               Federal policy and institutions support private-sector innovation in numerous
                               ways, including R&D tax credits, procurement and prize mechanisms, SBIR
                               programs, and public-private venture funds, as well as the patent system. 
                               This panel will discuss the existing frameworks and empirical evidence used
                               to evaluate the success of these programs and consider new opportunities to 
                               better assess the social returns of these programs.       
                               Sabrina Howell, New York University          
                               Bhaven Sampat, Columbia University
                               Timothy Simcoe, Boston University
                               Heidi Williams, MIT
                       
12:45 PM        Break
 
1:00 PM           Lunch Keynote Address
                              Understanding and Communicating the Value of Federal Support for Innovation
                              Jason Furman, Council of Economic Advisers
 
2:00 PM           Panel III: What are the social returns to public investment in human capital
                         and infrastructure?

                              People, both in their creativity and capacity to implement new ideas, are an
                              essential input across the innovation landscape.  Public infrastructure
                              investments, meanwhile, may also play essential roles by enhancing market 
                              integration and access to general purpose technologies, like information
                              technology.  This panel will assess frameworks and empirical evidence
                              regarding the role public investment in education and infrastructure play in
                              underpinning the innovation system, while further considering open questions
                              and opportunities to better understand the social returns of these investments.
 
                              Lee Branstetter, Carnegie Mellon University
                              Richard Freeman, Harvard University
                              Shane Greenstein, Harvard University
                              Paula Stephan, Georgia State University (via WebEx)
 
                       
3:30 PM           Coffee Break
 
3:45 PM           Panel IV:  Social Returns to Innovation in Light of Inequality
                              The social returns to innovation are typically considered for a representative consumer, but the rise in inequality in the last decades in the United States raises questions about the distribution of gains from the fruits of innovation.  This panel will consider theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence that link the innovation process to the distribution of income, assess how the social returns to innovation may be viewed in light of any such linkages, and consider open questions and directions for future work.
 
                              Philippe Aghion, Harvard University and College de France (via WebEx)
                              Xavier Jaravel, Stanford University
                              Neviana Petkova, U.S. Department of Treasury
 
 5:15 PM          Adjourn